A Tale of Two Schools: The Creaming of Little Rock

Most opponents of the expansions of eStem Public Charter Schools and LISA Academy base their position on two primary arguments:

  • Open-enrollment public charter schools “cream” the best students from the Little Rock School District; and
  • Application to open-enrollment public charter schools requires “more engaged parents.”

Creaming

By pure open-enrollment, the demographics of both eStem Public Charter Schools and LISA Academy high schools more closely reflect the demographics of their community, the City of Little Rock, than do the Little Rock School District’s magnet high schools. However, because of state-dictated enrollment caps, which the charters seek to expand, the schools may not materially impact their respective demographics. Students apply. If there is capacity, they are admitted. If there is not, they are added to a wait list.

By contrast, Little Rock School District’s Central High School utilizes an expansive, gerrymandered attendance zone to reach the most affluent areas of Little Rock, to the detriment of Hall High School, which has been designated as Academic Distress. Then, for those living outside of the largest attendance zone in the district, there are complicated magnet (Gifted and Talented, International Studies) and transfer admissions which artificially dictate the school’s enrollment. Out-of-zone admissions balloon enrollment to 170% of capacity, while the district’s three Academic Distress schools are under capacity – Hall (83%), Fair (88%), and McClellan (66%).

To choose its enrollment, Parkview, which is at 98% capacity, has no attendance zone at all. That means 100% of its 1,000+ students enroll based on their parents’/guardians’ ability to navigate the district’s multi-layered magnet application process.

Those lucky enough to be admitted to Parkview or Central via their out-of-zone magnet applications receive district transportation, no matter where they live. Though eStem and LISA provide Rock Region Metro passes for their students, they are criticized for not offering “school” transportation. And yet, LRSD offers TNT (Transfer-No-Transportation) so students may attend any of its schools as long as there is capacity and they can get there on their own.

Even with all this extraordinary effort and preferential treatment, neither Central’s nor Parkview’s demographics reflect their community or school district. And since 2011, Central has been designated as a Focus School, one of the lowest performing 10% of schools in Arkansas.

High SchoolEnroll.CapacityFRL*WhiteHispanicBlackOtherSPED**LEP***
Central2,4891,460
(170%)
50%29%4%57%9%6%3%
Parkview1,0331,050
(98%)
59%25%15%55%5%5%10%
eStem PCS506506
(100%)
28%37%6%49%8%6%1%
LISA Academy386386
(100%)
34%28%12%43%17%4%1%
Little Rock197,706NA18%****47%6%42%5%NANA
LRSD23,36326,235
(89%)
75%18%13%66%4%11%11%
eStem PCS1,4621,462
(100%)
32%41%6%46%7%8%2%
LISA (West)797800
(99.6%)
38%27%12%42%19%5%2%

*Free and Reduced Lunch
**Special Education
***Limited English Proficiency
****Federal Poverty Level

Application

To enroll in Little Rock School District Central:

  • If you live in Attendance Zone, register at school or Student Registration Office
    • New students complete:
    • Follow Registration Checklist
      • Child’s official birth certificate, passport, military ID card or other documentation provided by law (ACA 6-18-210)
      • Child’s social security card or number
      • Two forms of proof of residence, such as a lease agreement or current utility bill, in the parent or legal guardian’s name within the past 30 days (no cell phone bills accepted) or personal property tax bill
      • Child’s immunization records (provided to school after assignment)
  • If you live out of Attendance Zone:

School Choices
Educational choice provides parents with options on how best to educate their child, including school transfers and magnet school programs. Parents and students can take advantage of unique curriculum offerings, special emphasis programs and other activities. LRSD parents may apply for their child to attend a school outside of their attendance zone during a designated time period. The other options for requesting new assignments are detailed below.

What are our assignment options?
Each parent has an opportunity to request for their child an assignment to a school outside of their attendance zone. It is recommended that parents explore their options before processing requests by visiting the schools in which they are interested and gathering information about those schools. Staff in the Student Registration Office are available to assist parents who are seeking information about assignment options.

Magnet school and transfer applications for the following year may be submitted during the two-week January/February registration period and at times thereafter. These transfers are approved for entry at the start of the school year or at the beginning of second semester with few exceptions. Once a student has been placed at a school of choice, he/she may remain through the completion of that organizational level (elementary, middle, high school).

What magnet schools and programs are available?

Magnet schools – schools with a themed program designed to attract students from throughout the central Arkansas area – were introduced in the LRSD during the 1987-88 school year. The magnet schools are:

  • Parkview Arts and Science Magnet High School
  • Horace Mann Arts and Science Magnet Middle School
  • Booker Arts Magnet Elementary School
  • Carver Math and Science Magnet Elementary School
  • Gibbs Magnet Elementary School of Foreign Language and International Studies
  • Williams Traditional Magnet Elementary School

How are magnet school assignments made?
LRSD parents interested in one of these schools must complete an Optional Enrollment Request Form (OERF). 

Students will be assigned based on a computerized random selection process (scramble). Therefore, no numbered waiting lists will exist. When additional seats become available, students wil be assigned and another scramble will be initiated to fill available seats. For more information, click here to review the magnet school assignment process flow chart.

The popularity of the magnet schools prompted the LRSD to create specialty/magnet programs at certain attendance zone schools. Parents may apply for their children to attend these specialty/magnet programs:

  • Central High School International Studies Magnet School
  • Parkview Arts & Science Magnet School
  • Dunbar Gifted & Talented / International Studies Magnet Middle School
  • Horace Mann Arts & Science Magnet School

How are transfers granted?
Parents may request a transfer for their child to attend a school other than the families’ attendance zone school. Transfer applications are available during the initial two-week registration period in January/February and may be submitted throughout the year although these transfers are conditional based on the availability of seats at the school requested, so early application is recommended. Transfers will be granted for admission at the beginning of each school semester. Once approved, the student must attend a minimum of one semester.

What types of transfers are available?

TNT (Transfer/No Transportation) Transfer
TNT is an intradistrict transfer for students wishing to transfer from one attendance zone school to another attendance zone school. Ample seats must be available at the requested school (a certain number of seats are set aside for attendance zone students). Elementary student applications may be submitted throughout the year, although placement will occur only at the start of each semester. No transportation is provided by the district. A student is allowed one (1) TNT transfer per school year.

Staff Preference Transfer
LRSD employees who reside in the LRSD may request that their children attend the school in which they work with the exception of the stipulation magnet schools. Transfers will be granted if space is available and all attendance zone students have been assigned. Staff Preference Transfers are granted to students whose parents or legal guardians are LRSD staff members. No transportation is provided by the district. Click here to download the application.

Appeals Committee Transfer
Students who have a special need arising out of unique circumstances may request in writing a reassignment to a non-attendance zone school. Appeals requests will not be considered for magnet schools/programs. The Appeals Committee meets monthly to consider requests. No transportation is provided by the district. Appeals are reviewed during various times throughout the school year.

Arkansas Act 624 Transfer
LRSD employees who reside outside of the LRSD may apply for a transfer for their child to attend school in the LRSD. Application forms are available in the Student Registration Office. No transportation is provided by the district. Click here to download the application.

Arkansas School Choice
Families in the state of Arkansas may apply to attend a district other than the one in which they reside, subject to certain restrictions. Applications will be available at the Student Registration Office for students from various counties in Arkansas. The application period designated for Little Rock School District will be announced at a later date. If granted, no transportation will be provided by the district.

To enroll in Little Rock School District Parkview:

To enroll in eStem Public Charter Schools :

  • Click here, complete fields, submit
  • If capacity exists, student is admitted
  • If capacity does not exist, student is added to wait list

To enroll in LISA Academy:

  • Click here, compete fields, submit
  • If capacity exists, student is admitted
  • If capacity does not exist, student is added to wait list

If “more engaged parents” contribute to “creaming,” which of the above require the most engagement?

Fact vs. Fiction 

“Creaming” has happened/is happening in Little Rock, but it is within the traditional school district, not among charters. And most disturbingly, all of this has happened/is happening on the watch of public education leaders who are some of the charter expansions’ most vocal opponents:

  • 12-year Little Rock School Board member and current Superintendent Baker Kurrus,
  • Former two-term Little Rock School District President Greg Adams,
  • Little Rock School District Civic Advisory Committee,
  • Representative John Walker,
  • Senator Joyce Elliott,
  • Former State Board of Education Chairman Sam Ledbetter,
  • Little Rock Education Association President Cathy Koehler, and
  • Arkansas Public Policy Panel Executive Director Bill Kopsky.

Hope remains for individuals and/or groups willfully or negligently uninformed, those on the fence, and those yet to engage. Of course, reasonable minds may disagree on the merits of charter schools. But responsible advocates do not misrepresent or ignore facts to justify opinions.

Student Origin

High SchoolStudent Residence ZIP CodesNo. of StudentsPercentage
eStem Public Charter Schools 72201 (.4%)722095310.8%
722044910%
72205 (Hillcrest, Midtown)428.6%
72120387.7%
72206367.3%
72211 (Chenal Parkway, WLR)326.5%
72210285.5%
72116275.5%
72227 (Heights, Cammack Village)214.3%
72118193.8%
72223 (Chenal, WLR)183.7%
72117173.5%
72076163.3%
72112 (Pleasant Valley, WLR)132.6%
72213132.6%
72002122.4%
72103112.2%
72202102%
72207 (Heights, Cammack Village)71.4%
720154.81%
721144.81%
721424.81%
720233.61%
721092.41%
720652.41%
720862.41%
School ZIP Code722012.41%
716031.2%
721221.2%
721351.2%
721431.2%
721501.2%
722131.2%
TOTAL33 ZIP Codes
27.1% (133) from Named Neighborhoods
491100%
High SchoolOriginating 8th Grade SchoolsNo. of Students
eStem Public Charter SchoolseStem Public Charter Schools346
Pulaski Heights Middle (LRSD)15
LISA Academy (Charter)14
Out-of-State10
Covenant Keepers (Charter)9
Dunbar Middle(LRSD)9
Mann Middle (LRSD)9
Lakewood Middle (NLRSD)7
Christ the King (Private)6
Mabelvale Middle (LRSD)5
Northwood Middle (PCSSD)5
Bryant Middle4
Maumelle Middle (PCSSD)4
Holy Souls (Private)3
Home School3
Henderson Middle (LRSD)3
Sylvan Hills Middle (PCSSD)3
Arkansas River Valley Montessori (Private)2
Arkansas Virtual Academy (Charter)2
Embassy Academy (Private)2
Little Rock Preparatory Academy (Charter)2
Forest Heights Middle, STEM (LRSD)2
Fuller Middle (PCSSD)2
Robinson Middle (PCSSD)2
Ahlf Jr. High (Searcy)2
The Group School (Private)2
Cloverdale Middle (LRSD)1
St. Theresa’s Catholic (Private)1
NLRSD Middle (NLRSD)1
Ridgeroad Middle (NLRSD)1
Bauxite Middle1
Benton Jr. High1
Conway Jr. High1
Forrest City Jr. High1
Sheridan Middle1
Abundant Life (Private)1
Central Arkansas Christian Academy (Private)1
Christ Lutheran (Private)1
Episcopal Collegiate (Private)1
Little Rock Christian Academy (Private)1
New Life Christian Academy (Private)1
North Little Rock Catholic Academy (Private)1
St. Edward’s Catholic (Private)1
TOTAL491

30% of eStem’s enrollment entered high school from outside of charter. 44 students (9%) entered from the Little Rock School District. 36 (7%) came from other districts, 27 (5%) from other open-enrollment charters, 24 from Private (5%), 10 (2%) from Out-of-State, and 3 (.6%) from Home School. 

High SchoolStudent Residence ZIP CodesNo. of StudentsPercentage
LISA Academy (West) 72205 (12.7%)72211 (Chenal Parkway, WLR)5516.6%
722045015.1%
School ZIP Code72205 (Hillcrest, Midtown)4212.7%
722093310%
722103310%
72223 (Chenal, WLR)278.2%
72212 (Pleasant Valley, WLR)154.5%
72206133.9%
72103123.6%
72227 (Foxcroft, Robinwood)113.3%
7200251.5%
7207651.5%
7211351.5%
7220251.5%
720223.91%
719232.6%
721182.6%
721352.6%
721802.6%
72207 (Heights, Cammack Village)2.6%
721141.3%
721161.3%
721171.3%
721201.3%
721421.3%
722161.3%
722191.3%
TOTAL27 ZIP Codes
45.9% (152) from Named Neighborhoods
331100%
High SchoolOriginating 8th Grade SchoolsNo. of Students
LISA Academy (West)LISA Academy291
Covenant Keepers (Charter)9
Dunbar Middle (LRSD)3
Forest Heights STEM (LRSD)3
Mabelvale Middle (LRSD)3
Mann Middle (LRSD)3
Out-of-State3
Out-of-Country2
Robinson Middle (PCSSD)2
Henderson Middle (LRSD)1
Home School1
Lakewood Middle (NLRSD)1
Little Rock Preparatory Academy (Charter)1
Maumelle Middle (PCSSD)1
Mills High (PCSSD)1
(Private)1
Pulaski Academy (Private)1
Pulaski Heights Middle (LRSD)1
Rogers1
Sylvan Hills Middle (PCSSD)1
Watson Chapel Jr. High1
TOTAL331

12% of LISA Academy high school students entered from outside the charter. 14 (4%) entered from the Little Rock School District. 11 (3%) came from other open-enrollment charters, 3 (1%) from Out-of-State, 2 (.6%) from Out-of-Country, 2 (.6%)  from other districts, 2 from Private (.6%), and 1 (.3%) from Home School. 

23% of Little Rock School District high school students entered from outside the district.

High SchoolStudent Residence ZIP CodesNo. of StudentsPercentage
Central (LRSD) 72202 (14.3%)72211 (Chenal Parkway, WLR)36515.5%
School ZIP Code7220233714.3%
7220632613.9%
72205 (Hillcrest, Midtown)31313.2%
7220423610%
72207 (Heights, Cammack Village)1978.4%
722091365.8%
72212 (Pleasant Valley, WLR)1245.3%
72227 (Foxcroft, Robinwood)954%
72210632.7%
72223 (Chenal, WLR)592.5%
72103271.1%
7220114.59%
720769.38%
721137.29%
721357.29%
721165.21%
721174.17%
721424.17%
720023.12%
721113.12%
721203.12%
720192.08%
721182.08%
720151.04%
722031.04%
722131.04%
722171.04%
722201.04%
722211.04%
722241.04%
722501.04%
722701.04%
772201.04%
TOTAL34 ZIP Codes
49% (1,153) from Named Neighborhoods
2,351100%
High SchoolOriginating 8th Grade SchoolsNo. of Students
Central (LRSD)Pulaski Heights Middle (LRSD)593
Dunbar Middle (LRSD)424
Mann Middle (LRSD)257
Henderson Middle (LRSD)200
Forest Heights Middle, STEM (LRSD)118
Mabelvale Middle (LRSD)80
Cloverdale Middle (LRSD)57
Out-of-District622
TOTAL2,351

26% of Central’s students entered from outside the district.

High SchoolStudent Residence ZIP CodesNo. of StudentsPercentage
Parkview (LRSD) 72204 (22%)
School ZIP Code
72204231 (22%)21.6%
7220919718.4%
7221011510.7%
72205 (Hillcrest, Midtown)868.1%
72206777.2%
72211 (Chenal Parkway, WLR)444.1%
72212 (Pleasant Valley, WLR)363.4%
72103343.2%
72223 (Chenal, WLR)312.9%
72207 (Heights, Cammack Village)282.6%
72227 (Foxcroft, Robinwood)282.6%
72202272.5%
72076252.3%
72117232.2%
72120232.2%
72118191.8%
72116131.2%
7211310.93%
721148.75%
720024.37%
720532.19%
720652.19%
722012.19%
721351.09%
721421.09%
721131.09%
TOTAL26 ZIP Codes
23.7% (253) from Named Neighborhoods
1,068100%
High SchoolOriginating 8th GradeNo. of Students
Parkview (LRSD)Mann Middle (LRSD)389
Henderson Middle (LRSD)117
Mabelvale Middle (LRSD)100
Dunbar Middle (LRSD)97
Forest Heights Middle, STEM (LRSD)92
Pulaski Heights Middle (LRSD)58
Cloverdale Middle (LRSD)40
Out-of-District175
TOTAL1,068

16% of Parkview’s students entered from outside the district.

High SchoolStudent Residence ZIP CodesNo. of StudentsPercentage 
Hall (LRSD) 72205 (11.4%)72204453 43.1%
72209213 20.2%
School ZIP Code72205 (Hillcrest, Midtown)120 11.4%
72227 (Foxcroft, Robinwood)75 7.1%
7220631 2.9%
72211 (Chenal Parkway, WLR)30 2.9%
7220225 2.4%
7221025 2.4%
7210318 1.7%
72212 (Pleasant Valley, WLR)18 1.7%
72207 (Heights, Cammack Village)17 1.6%
72223 (Chenal, WLR)17 1.6%
720022 .19%
722032 .19%
720761 .01%
722001 .01%
722011 .01%
722201 .01%
722771 .01%
833051 .01%
TOTAL20 ZIP Codes
16.8% (277) from Named Neighborhoods
1,052 100%
High SchoolOriginating 8th Grade SchoolsNo. of Students
Hall (LRSD)Henderson (LRSD)203
Forest Heights Middle, STEM (LRSD)184
Cloverdale Middle (LRSD)112
Dunbar Middle (LRSD)89
Mabelvale Middle (LRSD)63
Pulaski Heights Middle (LRSD)58
Mann Middle (LRSD)31
Out-of-District312
TOTAL1,052

30% of Hall’s students entered from outside the district.

High SchoolStudent Residence ZIP CodesNo. of StudentsPercentage
Fair (LRSD) 722107220929136%
7220424730.5%
School ZIP Code7221012115%
72103779.5%
72205 (Hillcrest, Midtown)151.9%
72211 (Chenal Parkway, WLR)151.9%
72206121.5%
72227 (Foxcroft, Robinwood)101.2%
72207 (Heights, Cammack Village)7.87%
722025.62%
720024.49%
72223 (Chenal, WLR)2.25%
721101.12%
72212 (Pleasant Valley, WLR)1.12%
722241.12%
TOTAL15 ZIP Codes
6.2% (50) from Named Neighborhoods
809100%
High SchoolOriginating 8th Grade SchoolsNo. of Students
Fair (LRSD)Mabelvale Middle (LRSD)307
Henderson Middle (LRSD)156
Cloverdale Middle (LRSD)71
Dunbar Middle (LRSD)45
Mann Middle (LRSD)32
Forest Heights Middle, STEM (LRSD)30
Pulaski Heights Middle (LRSD)23
Out-of-District145
TOTAL809

18% of Fair’s students entered from outside the district.

High SchoolStudent Residence ZIP CodesNo. of StudentsPercentage 
McClellan (LRSD) 72209 (74.7%)
School ZIP Code
72209574 74.7%
72206106 13.8%
7220435 4.6%
7210320 2.6%
72205 (Hillcrest, Midtown)13 1.7%
72202 (Riverdale, East Village)8 1%
722105 .65%
72211 (Chenal Parkway, WLR)3 .39%
721132 .26%
722001 .13%
72223 (Chenal, WLR)1 .13%
TOTAL11 ZIP Codes
3.3% (25) from Named Neighborhoods
768 100%
High SchoolOriginating 8th Grade SchoolsNo. of Students
McClellanCloverdale Middle (LRSD)292
Dunbar Middle (LRSD)114
Mabelvale Middle (LRSD)100
Henderson Middle (LRSD)40
Forest Heights Middle, STEM (LRSD)32
Mann Middle (LRSD)31
Pulaski Heights Middle (LRSD)25
Out-of-District134
TOTAL768

17% of McClellan’s students entered from outside the district.

Request has been made, but is still outstanding, for specific Out-of-District originating 8th grade schools for LRSD High Schools.

High School No. (%) from LRSD 8thNo. (%) from Current Charter 8thNo. (%) from Out of School/District No. of Student ZIP CodesNo. (%) from School ZIP CodeNo. (%) from Named Neighborhoods
 eStem 44 (9%) 346 (70.5%) 145 (29.5%) 33 2 (.4%) 133 (27.1%)
 LISA 14 (4.2%) 291 (87.9%) 40 (12.1%) 27 42 (13%) 152 (45.9%)
CHARTER TOTALS 58 of 822  (7.1%) 637 (77.5%) 185 (22.5%) 30 (Avg.) 44 (5.4%) 285 (34.7%)
       
 Central 1,729  (73.5%) NA 622 (26.5%) 34 337 (14.3%) 1,153 (49%)
 Parkview 893
 (83.6%)
 NA 175 (16.4%) 26  231 (21.6%) 253 (23.7%)
 Hall 740
 (70.3%)
 NA 312 (29.7%) 20 120 (11.4%) 277 (16.8%) 
 Fair 664
 (82.1%) 
 NA 145 (17.9%) 15 121 (15%) 50 (6.2%)
 McClellan 634 (82.6%) NA 134 (17.4%) 11 575 (74.7%) 25 (3.3%)
LRSD TOTALS 4,660 of  6,048  (77.1%) NA 1,388 (22.9%) 21.2 (Avg.) 1,384 (22.9%) 1,758 (29.1%)

The facts are all public schools in Little Rock, be they open-enrollment charter or traditional, benefit from the mobility of students seeking their best public education options. With 22.5% and 22.9%, respectively, of eStem/LISA and LRSD high school students coming from outside their school/district, we should be thankful for Little Rock’s robust education portfolio – traditional, open-enrollment charter, independent/private and inter-district school choice – instead of fighting others’ expansions.

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